diff --git a/django/template/defaulttags.py b/django/template/defaulttags.py
index c4a37c25dd..31fa279ca0 100644
--- a/django/template/defaulttags.py
+++ b/django/template/defaulttags.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from itertools import cycle as itertools_cycle, groupby
 
 from django.conf import settings
 from django.utils import timezone
-from django.utils.html import conditional_escape, format_html
+from django.utils.html import conditional_escape, escape, format_html
 from django.utils.lorem_ipsum import paragraphs, words
 from django.utils.safestring import mark_safe
 
@@ -94,10 +94,13 @@ class CycleNode(Node):
 
 class DebugNode(Node):
     def render(self, context):
+        if not settings.DEBUG:
+            return ''
+
         from pprint import pformat
-        output = [pformat(val) for val in context]
+        output = [escape(pformat(val)) for val in context]
         output.append('\n\n')
-        output.append(pformat(sys.modules))
+        output.append(escape(pformat(sys.modules)))
         return ''.join(output)
 
 
diff --git a/docs/ref/templates/builtins.txt b/docs/ref/templates/builtins.txt
index bc24308ba4..c4b0fa3987 100644
--- a/docs/ref/templates/builtins.txt
+++ b/docs/ref/templates/builtins.txt
@@ -194,7 +194,13 @@ from its first value when it's next encountered.
 ---------
 
 Outputs a whole load of debugging information, including the current context
-and imported modules.
+and imported modules. ``{% debug %}`` outputs nothing when the :setting:`DEBUG`
+setting is ``False``.
+
+.. versionchanged:: 2.2.27
+
+    In older versions, debugging information was displayed when the
+    :setting:`DEBUG` setting was ``False``.
 
 .. templatetag:: extends
 
diff --git a/docs/releases/2.2.27.txt b/docs/releases/2.2.27.txt
index a35082fa33..b1712c649c 100644
--- a/docs/releases/2.2.27.txt
+++ b/docs/releases/2.2.27.txt
@@ -6,4 +6,12 @@ Django 2.2.27 release notes
 
 Django 2.2.27 fixes two security issues with severity "medium" in 2.2.26.
 
-...
+CVE-2022-22818: Possible XSS via ``{% debug %}`` template tag
+=============================================================
+
+The ``{% debug %}`` template tag didn't properly encode the current context,
+posing an XSS attack vector.
+
+In order to avoid this vulnerability, ``{% debug %}`` no longer outputs an
+information when the ``DEBUG`` setting is ``False``, and it ensures all context
+variables are correctly escaped when the ``DEBUG`` setting is ``True``.
diff --git a/tests/template_tests/syntax_tests/test_debug.py b/tests/template_tests/syntax_tests/test_debug.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..17fea44b68
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/template_tests/syntax_tests/test_debug.py
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
+from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
+
+from ..utils import setup
+
+
+@override_settings(DEBUG=True)
+class DebugTests(SimpleTestCase):
+
+    @override_settings(DEBUG=False)
+    @setup({'non_debug': '{% debug %}'})
+    def test_non_debug(self):
+        output = self.engine.render_to_string('non_debug', {})
+        self.assertEqual(output, '')
+
+    @setup({'modules': '{% debug %}'})
+    def test_modules(self):
+        output = self.engine.render_to_string('modules', {})
+        self.assertIn(
+            ''django': <module 'django' ',
+            output,
+        )
+
+    @setup({'plain': '{% debug %}'})
+    def test_plain(self):
+        output = self.engine.render_to_string('plain', {'a': 1})
+        self.assertTrue(output.startswith(
+            '{'a': 1}'
+            '{'False': False, 'None': None, '
+            ''True': True}\n\n{'
+        ))
+
+    @setup({'non_ascii': '{% debug %}'})
+    def test_non_ascii(self):
+        group = Group(name="清風")
+        output = self.engine.render_to_string('non_ascii', {'group': group})
+        self.assertTrue(output.startswith(
+            '{'group': <Group: 清風>}'
+        ))
+
+    @setup({'script': '{% debug %}'})
+    def test_script(self):
+        output = self.engine.render_to_string('script', {'frag': '<script>'})
+        self.assertTrue(output.startswith(
+            '{&#39;frag&#39;: &#39;&lt;script&gt;&#39;}'
+        ))
diff --git a/tests/template_tests/tests.py b/tests/template_tests/tests.py
index a8f089c351..946daa4570 100644
--- a/tests/template_tests/tests.py
+++ b/tests/template_tests/tests.py
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import sys
 
-from django.contrib.auth.models import Group
 from django.template import Context, Engine, TemplateSyntaxError
 from django.template.base import UNKNOWN_SOURCE
 from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
@@ -143,15 +142,6 @@ class TemplateTests(SimpleTestCase):
         with self.assertRaises(NoReverseMatch):
             t.render(Context())
 
-    def test_debug_tag_non_ascii(self):
-        """
-        #23060 -- Test non-ASCII model representation in debug output.
-        """
-        group = Group(name="清風")
-        c1 = Context({"objs": [group]})
-        t1 = Engine().from_string('{% debug %}')
-        self.assertIn("清風", t1.render(c1))
-
     def test_extends_generic_template(self):
         """
         #24338 -- Allow extending django.template.backends.django.Template