Fixed #34110 -- Added in-memory file storage.

Thanks Paolo Melchiorre, Carlton Gibson, and Mariusz Felisiak for
reviews.

django/core/files/storage/__init__.py

@@ -4,9 +4,11 @@ from django.utils.module_loading import import_string
 
 from .base import Storage
 from .filesystem import FileSystemStorage
+from .memory import InMemoryStorage
 
 __all__ = (
     "FileSystemStorage",
+    "InMemoryStorage",
     "Storage",
     "DefaultStorage",
     "default_storage",

django/core/files/storage/memory.py

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+"""
+Based on dj-inmemorystorage (BSD) by Cody Soyland, Seán Hayes, Tore Birkeland,
+and Nick Presta.
+"""
+
+import errno
+import io
+import os
+import pathlib
+from urllib.parse import urljoin
+
+from django.conf import settings
+from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
+from django.core.signals import setting_changed
+from django.utils._os import safe_join
+from django.utils.deconstruct import deconstructible
+from django.utils.encoding import filepath_to_uri
+from django.utils.functional import cached_property
+from django.utils.timezone import now
+
+from .base import Storage
+from .mixins import StorageSettingsMixin
+
+__all__ = ("InMemoryStorage",)
+
+
+class TimingMixin:
+    def _initialize_times(self):
+        self.created_time = now()
+        self.accessed_time = self.created_time
+        self.modified_time = self.created_time
+
+    def _update_accessed_time(self):
+        self.accessed_time = now()
+
+    def _update_modified_time(self):
+        self.modified_time = now()
+
+
+class InMemoryFileNode(ContentFile, TimingMixin):
+    """
+    Helper class representing an in-memory file node.
+
+    Handle unicode/bytes conversion during I/O operations and record creation,
+    modification, and access times.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, content="", name=""):
+        self.file = None
+        self._content_type = type(content)
+        self._initialize_stream()
+        self._initialize_times()
+
+    def open(self, mode):
+        self._convert_stream_content(mode)
+        self._update_accessed_time()
+        return super().open(mode)
+
+    def write(self, data):
+        super().write(data)
+        self._update_modified_time()
+
+    def _initialize_stream(self):
+        """Initialize underlying stream according to the content type."""
+        self.file = io.BytesIO() if self._content_type == bytes else io.StringIO()
+
+    def _convert_stream_content(self, mode):
+        """Convert actual file content according to the opening mode."""
+        new_content_type = bytes if "b" in mode else str
+        # No conversion needed.
+        if self._content_type == new_content_type:
+            return
+
+        content = self.file.getvalue()
+        content = content.encode() if isinstance(content, str) else content.decode()
+        self._content_type = new_content_type
+        self._initialize_stream()
+
+        self.file.write(content)
+
+
+class InMemoryDirNode(TimingMixin):
+    """
+    Helper class representing an in-memory directory node.
+
+    Handle path navigation of directory trees, creating missing nodes if
+    needed.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self._children = {}
+        self._initialize_times()
+
+    def resolve(self, path, create_if_missing=False, leaf_cls=None, check_exists=True):
+        """
+        Navigate current directory tree, returning node matching path or
+        creating a new one, if missing.
+        - path: path of the node to search
+        - create_if_missing: create nodes if not exist. Defaults to False.
+        - leaf_cls: expected type of leaf node. Defaults to None.
+        - check_exists: if True and the leaf node does not exist, raise a
+          FileNotFoundError. Defaults to True.
+        """
+        path_segments = list(pathlib.Path(path).parts)
+        current_node = self
+
+        while path_segments:
+            path_segment = path_segments.pop(0)
+            # If current node is a file node and there are unprocessed
+            # segments, raise an error.
+            if isinstance(current_node, InMemoryFileNode):
+                path_segments = os.path.split(path)
+                current_path = "/".join(
+                    path_segments[: path_segments.index(path_segment)]
+                )
+                raise NotADirectoryError(
+                    errno.ENOTDIR, os.strerror(errno.ENOTDIR), current_path
+                )
+            current_node = current_node._resolve_child(
+                path_segment,
+                create_if_missing,
+                leaf_cls if len(path_segments) == 0 else InMemoryDirNode,
+            )
+            if current_node is None:
+                break
+
+        if current_node is None and check_exists:
+            raise FileNotFoundError(errno.ENOENT, os.strerror(errno.ENOENT), path)
+
+        # If a leaf_cls is not None, check if leaf node is of right type.
+        if leaf_cls and not isinstance(current_node, leaf_cls):
+            error_cls, error_code = (
+                (NotADirectoryError, errno.ENOTDIR)
+                if leaf_cls is InMemoryDirNode
+                else (IsADirectoryError, errno.EISDIR)
+            )
+            raise error_cls(error_code, os.strerror(error_code), path)
+
+        return current_node
+
+    def _resolve_child(self, path_segment, create_if_missing, child_cls):
+        if create_if_missing:
+            self._update_accessed_time()
+            self._update_modified_time()
+            return self._children.setdefault(path_segment, child_cls())
+        return self._children.get(path_segment)
+
+    def listdir(self):
+        directories, files = [], []
+        for name, entry in self._children.items():
+            if isinstance(entry, InMemoryDirNode):
+                directories.append(name)
+            else:
+                files.append(name)
+        return directories, files
+
+    def remove_child(self, name):
+        if name in self._children:
+            self._update_accessed_time()
+            self._update_modified_time()
+            del self._children[name]
+
+
+@deconstructible(path="django.core.files.storage.InMemoryStorage")
+class InMemoryStorage(Storage, StorageSettingsMixin):
+    """A storage saving files in memory."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        location=None,
+        base_url=None,
+        file_permissions_mode=None,
+        directory_permissions_mode=None,
+    ):
+        self._location = location
+        self._base_url = base_url
+        self._file_permissions_mode = file_permissions_mode
+        self._directory_permissions_mode = directory_permissions_mode
+        self._root = InMemoryDirNode()
+        self._resolve(
+            self.base_location, create_if_missing=True, leaf_cls=InMemoryDirNode
+        )
+        setting_changed.connect(self._clear_cached_properties)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def base_location(self):
+        return self._value_or_setting(self._location, settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def location(self):
+        return os.path.abspath(self.base_location)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def base_url(self):
+        if self._base_url is not None and not self._base_url.endswith("/"):
+            self._base_url += "/"
+        return self._value_or_setting(self._base_url, settings.MEDIA_URL)
+
+    @cached_property
+    def file_permissions_mode(self):
+        return self._value_or_setting(
+            self._file_permissions_mode, settings.FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS
+        )
+
+    @cached_property
+    def directory_permissions_mode(self):
+        return self._value_or_setting(
+            self._directory_permissions_mode, settings.FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS
+        )
+
+    def _relative_path(self, name):
+        full_path = self.path(name)
+        return os.path.relpath(full_path, self.location)
+
+    def _resolve(self, name, create_if_missing=False, leaf_cls=None, check_exists=True):
+        try:
+            relative_path = self._relative_path(name)
+            return self._root.resolve(
+                relative_path,
+                create_if_missing=create_if_missing,
+                leaf_cls=leaf_cls,
+                check_exists=check_exists,
+            )
+        except NotADirectoryError as exc:
+            absolute_path = self.path(exc.filename)
+            raise FileExistsError(f"{absolute_path} exists and is not a directory.")
+
+    def _open(self, name, mode="rb"):
+        create_if_missing = "w" in mode
+        file_node = self._resolve(
+            name, create_if_missing=create_if_missing, leaf_cls=InMemoryFileNode
+        )
+        return file_node.open(mode)
+
+    def _save(self, name, content):
+        file_node = self._resolve(
+            name, create_if_missing=True, leaf_cls=InMemoryFileNode
+        )
+        fd = None
+        for chunk in content.chunks():
+            if fd is None:
+                mode = "wb" if isinstance(chunk, bytes) else "wt"
+                fd = file_node.open(mode)
+            fd.write(chunk)
+
+        if hasattr(content, "temporary_file_path"):
+            os.remove(content.temporary_file_path())
+
+        file_node.modified_time = now()
+        return self._relative_path(name).replace("\\", "/")
+
+    def path(self, name):
+        return safe_join(self.location, name)
+
+    def delete(self, name):
+        path, filename = os.path.split(name)
+        dir_node = self._resolve(path, check_exists=False)
+        if dir_node is None:
+            return None
+        dir_node.remove_child(filename)
+
+    def exists(self, name):
+        return self._resolve(name, check_exists=False) is not None
+
+    def listdir(self, path):
+        node = self._resolve(path, leaf_cls=InMemoryDirNode)
+        return node.listdir()
+
+    def size(self, name):
+        return len(self._open(name, "rb").file.getvalue())
+
+    def url(self, name):
+        if self.base_url is None:
+            raise ValueError("This file is not accessible via a URL.")
+        url = filepath_to_uri(name)
+        if url is not None:
+            url = url.lstrip("/")
+        return urljoin(self.base_url, url)
+
+    def get_accessed_time(self, name):
+        file_node = self._resolve(name)
+        return file_node.accessed_time
+
+    def get_created_time(self, name):
+        file_node = self._resolve(name)
+        return file_node.created_time
+
+    def get_modified_time(self, name):
+        file_node = self._resolve(name)
+        return file_node.modified_time

docs/ref/files/storage.txt

@@ -74,6 +74,39 @@ The ``FileSystemStorage`` class
         time of the last metadata change, and on others (like Windows), it's
         the creation time of the file.
 
+The ``InMemoryStorage`` class
+=============================
+
+.. versionadded:: 4.2
+
+.. class:: InMemoryStorage(location=None, base_url=None, file_permissions_mode=None, directory_permissions_mode=None)
+
+    The :class:`~django.core.files.storage.InMemoryStorage` class implements
+    a memory-based file storage. It has no persistence, but can be useful for
+    speeding up tests by avoiding disk access.
+
+    .. attribute:: location
+
+        Absolute path to the directory name assigned to files. Defaults to the
+        value of your :setting:`MEDIA_ROOT` setting.
+
+    .. attribute:: base_url
+
+        URL that serves the files stored at this location.
+        Defaults to the value of your :setting:`MEDIA_URL` setting.
+
+    .. attribute:: file_permissions_mode
+
+        The file system permissions assigned to files, provided for
+        compatibility with ``FileSystemStorage``. Defaults to
+        :setting:`FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS`.
+
+    .. attribute:: directory_permissions_mode
+
+        The file system permissions assigned to directories, provided for
+        compatibility with ``FileSystemStorage``. Defaults to
+        :setting:`FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS`.
+
 The ``Storage`` class
 =====================
 

docs/releases/4.2.txt

@@ -85,6 +85,12 @@ The Breach (HTB) paper`_.
 
 .. _Heal The Breach (HTB) paper: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9754554
 
+In-memory file storage
+----------------------
+
+The new ``django.core.files.storage.InMemoryStorage`` class provides a
+non-persistent storage useful for speeding up tests by avoiding disk access.
+
 Minor features
 --------------
 

docs/topics/testing/overview.txt

@@ -366,3 +366,12 @@ Preserving the test database
 The :option:`test --keepdb` option preserves the test database between test
 runs. It skips the create and destroy actions which can greatly decrease the
 time to run tests.
+
+Avoiding disk access for media files
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+.. versionadded:: 4.2
+
+The :class:`~django.core.files.storage.InMemoryStorage` is a convenient way to
+prevent disk access for media files. All data is kept in memory, then it gets
+discarded after tests run.

tests/file_storage/test_inmemory_storage.py

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+import os
+import sys
+import time
+import unittest
+
+from django.core.files.base import ContentFile
+from django.core.files.storage import InMemoryStorage
+from django.core.files.uploadedfile import TemporaryUploadedFile
+from django.test import SimpleTestCase, override_settings
+
+
+class MemoryStorageIOTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.storage = InMemoryStorage()
+
+    def test_write_string(self):
+        with self.storage.open("file.txt", "w") as fd:
+            fd.write("hello")
+        with self.storage.open("file.txt", "r") as fd:
+            self.assertEqual(fd.read(), "hello")
+        with self.storage.open("file.dat", "wb") as fd:
+            fd.write(b"hello")
+        with self.storage.open("file.dat", "rb") as fd:
+            self.assertEqual(fd.read(), b"hello")
+
+    def test_convert_str_to_bytes_and_back(self):
+        """InMemoryStorage handles conversion from str to bytes and back."""
+        with self.storage.open("file.txt", "w") as fd:
+            fd.write("hello")
+        with self.storage.open("file.txt", "rb") as fd:
+            self.assertEqual(fd.read(), b"hello")
+        with self.storage.open("file.dat", "wb") as fd:
+            fd.write(b"hello")
+        with self.storage.open("file.dat", "r") as fd:
+            self.assertEqual(fd.read(), "hello")
+
+    def test_open_missing_file(self):
+        self.assertRaises(FileNotFoundError, self.storage.open, "missing.txt")
+
+    def test_open_dir_as_file(self):
+        with self.storage.open("a/b/file.txt", "w") as fd:
+            fd.write("hello")
+        self.assertRaises(IsADirectoryError, self.storage.open, "a/b")
+
+    def test_file_saving(self):
+        self.storage.save("file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        self.assertEqual(self.storage.open("file.txt", "r").read(), "test")
+
+        self.storage.save("file.dat", ContentFile(b"test"))
+        self.assertEqual(self.storage.open("file.dat", "rb").read(), b"test")
+
+    @unittest.skipIf(
+        sys.platform == "win32", "Windows doesn't support moving open files."
+    )
+    def test_removing_temporary_file_after_save(self):
+        """A temporary file is removed when saved into storage."""
+        with TemporaryUploadedFile("test", "text/plain", 1, "utf8") as file:
+            self.storage.save("test.txt", file)
+            self.assertFalse(os.path.exists(file.temporary_file_path()))
+
+    def test_large_file_saving(self):
+        large_file = ContentFile("A" * ContentFile.DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE * 3)
+        self.storage.save("file.txt", large_file)
+
+    def test_file_size(self):
+        """
+        File size is equal to the size of bytes-encoded version of the saved
+        data.
+        """
+        self.storage.save("file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        self.assertEqual(self.storage.size("file.txt"), 4)
+
+        # A unicode char encoded to UTF-8 takes 2 bytes.
+        self.storage.save("unicode_file.txt", ContentFile("è"))
+        self.assertEqual(self.storage.size("unicode_file.txt"), 2)
+
+        self.storage.save("file.dat", ContentFile(b"\xf1\xf1"))
+        self.assertEqual(self.storage.size("file.dat"), 2)
+
+    def test_listdir(self):
+        self.assertEqual(self.storage.listdir(""), ([], []))
+
+        self.storage.save("file_a.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        self.storage.save("file_b.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        self.storage.save("dir/file_c.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+
+        dirs, files = self.storage.listdir("")
+        self.assertEqual(sorted(files), ["file_a.txt", "file_b.txt"])
+        self.assertEqual(dirs, ["dir"])
+
+    def test_list_relative_path(self):
+        self.storage.save("a/file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+
+        _dirs, files = self.storage.listdir("./a/./.")
+        self.assertEqual(files, ["file.txt"])
+
+    def test_exists(self):
+        self.storage.save("dir/subdir/file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        self.assertTrue(self.storage.exists("dir"))
+        self.assertTrue(self.storage.exists("dir/subdir"))
+        self.assertTrue(self.storage.exists("dir/subdir/file.txt"))
+
+    def test_delete(self):
+        """Deletion handles both files and directory trees."""
+        self.storage.save("dir/subdir/file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        self.storage.save("dir/subdir/other_file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        self.assertTrue(self.storage.exists("dir/subdir/file.txt"))
+        self.assertTrue(self.storage.exists("dir/subdir/other_file.txt"))
+
+        self.storage.delete("dir/subdir/other_file.txt")
+        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists("dir/subdir/other_file.txt"))
+
+        self.storage.delete("dir/subdir")
+        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists("dir/subdir/file.txt"))
+        self.assertFalse(self.storage.exists("dir/subdir"))
+
+    def test_delete_missing_file(self):
+        self.storage.delete("missing_file.txt")
+        self.storage.delete("missing_dir/missing_file.txt")
+
+    def test_file_node_cannot_have_children(self):
+        """Navigate to children of a file node raises FileExistsError."""
+        self.storage.save("file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        self.assertRaises(FileExistsError, self.storage.listdir, "file.txt/child_dir")
+        self.assertRaises(
+            FileExistsError,
+            self.storage.save,
+            "file.txt/child_file.txt",
+            ContentFile("test"),
+        )
+
+    @override_settings(MEDIA_URL=None)
+    def test_url(self):
+        self.assertRaises(ValueError, self.storage.url, ("file.txt",))
+
+        storage = InMemoryStorage(base_url="http://www.example.com")
+        self.assertEqual(storage.url("file.txt"), "http://www.example.com/file.txt")
+
+    def test_url_with_none_filename(self):
+        storage = InMemoryStorage(base_url="/test_media_url/")
+        self.assertEqual(storage.url(None), "/test_media_url/")
+
+
+class MemoryStorageTimesTests(unittest.TestCase):
+    def setUp(self):
+        self.storage = InMemoryStorage()
+
+    def test_file_modified_time(self):
+        """
+        File modified time should change after file changing
+        """
+        self.storage.save("file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        modified_time = self.storage.get_modified_time("file.txt")
+
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        with self.storage.open("file.txt", "w") as fd:
+            fd.write("new content")
+
+        new_modified_time = self.storage.get_modified_time("file.txt")
+        self.assertTrue(new_modified_time > modified_time)
+
+    def test_file_accessed_time(self):
+        """File accessed time should chage after consecutive opening."""
+        self.storage.save("file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        accessed_time = self.storage.get_accessed_time("file.txt")
+
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        self.storage.open("file.txt", "r")
+        new_accessed_time = self.storage.get_accessed_time("file.txt")
+        self.assertGreater(new_accessed_time, accessed_time)
+
+    def test_file_created_time(self):
+        """File creation time should not change after I/O operations."""
+        self.storage.save("file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        created_time = self.storage.get_created_time("file.txt")
+
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        # File opening doesn't change creation time.
+        file = self.storage.open("file.txt", "r")
+        after_open_created_time = self.storage.get_created_time("file.txt")
+        self.assertEqual(after_open_created_time, created_time)
+        # Writing to a file doesn't change its creation time.
+        file.write("New test")
+        self.storage.save("file.txt", file)
+        after_write_created_time = self.storage.get_created_time("file.txt")
+        self.assertEqual(after_write_created_time, created_time)
+
+    def test_directory_times_changing_after_file_creation(self):
+        """
+        Directory modified and accessed time should change when a new file is
+        created inside.
+        """
+        self.storage.save("dir/file1.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        created_time = self.storage.get_created_time("dir")
+        modified_time = self.storage.get_modified_time("dir")
+        accessed_time = self.storage.get_accessed_time("dir")
+
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        self.storage.save("dir/file2.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        new_modified_time = self.storage.get_modified_time("dir")
+        new_accessed_time = self.storage.get_accessed_time("dir")
+        after_file_creation_created_time = self.storage.get_created_time("dir")
+        self.assertGreater(new_modified_time, modified_time)
+        self.assertGreater(new_accessed_time, accessed_time)
+        self.assertEqual(created_time, after_file_creation_created_time)
+
+    def test_directory_times_changing_after_file_deletion(self):
+        """
+        Directory modified and accessed time should change when a new file is
+        deleted inside.
+        """
+        self.storage.save("dir/file.txt", ContentFile("test"))
+        created_time = self.storage.get_created_time("dir")
+        modified_time = self.storage.get_modified_time("dir")
+        accessed_time = self.storage.get_accessed_time("dir")
+
+        time.sleep(0.1)
+
+        self.storage.delete("dir/file.txt")
+        new_modified_time = self.storage.get_modified_time("dir")
+        new_accessed_time = self.storage.get_accessed_time("dir")
+        after_file_deletion_created_time = self.storage.get_created_time("dir")
+        self.assertGreater(new_modified_time, modified_time)
+        self.assertGreater(new_accessed_time, accessed_time)
+        self.assertEqual(created_time, after_file_deletion_created_time)
+
+
+class InMemoryStorageTests(SimpleTestCase):
+    def test_deconstruction(self):
+        storage = InMemoryStorage()
+        path, args, kwargs = storage.deconstruct()
+        self.assertEqual(path, "django.core.files.storage.InMemoryStorage")
+        self.assertEqual(args, ())
+        self.assertEqual(kwargs, {})
+
+        kwargs_orig = {
+            "location": "/custom_path",
+            "base_url": "http://myfiles.example.com/",
+            "file_permissions_mode": "0o755",
+            "directory_permissions_mode": "0o600",
+        }
+        storage = InMemoryStorage(**kwargs_orig)
+        path, args, kwargs = storage.deconstruct()
+        self.assertEqual(kwargs, kwargs_orig)
+
+    @override_settings(
+        MEDIA_ROOT="media_root",
+        MEDIA_URL="media_url/",
+        FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS=0o777,
+        FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS=0o777,
+    )
+    def test_setting_changed(self):
+        """
+        Properties using settings values as defaults should be updated on
+        referenced settings change while specified values should be unchanged.
+        """
+        storage = InMemoryStorage(
+            location="explicit_location",
+            base_url="explicit_base_url/",
+            file_permissions_mode=0o666,
+            directory_permissions_mode=0o666,
+        )
+        defaults_storage = InMemoryStorage()
+        settings = {
+            "MEDIA_ROOT": "overridden_media_root",
+            "MEDIA_URL": "/overridden_media_url/",
+            "FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS": 0o333,
+            "FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS": 0o333,
+        }
+        with self.settings(**settings):
+            self.assertEqual(storage.base_location, "explicit_location")
+            self.assertIn("explicit_location", storage.location)
+            self.assertEqual(storage.base_url, "explicit_base_url/")
+            self.assertEqual(storage.file_permissions_mode, 0o666)
+            self.assertEqual(storage.directory_permissions_mode, 0o666)
+            self.assertEqual(defaults_storage.base_location, settings["MEDIA_ROOT"])
+            self.assertIn(settings["MEDIA_ROOT"], defaults_storage.location)
+            self.assertEqual(defaults_storage.base_url, settings["MEDIA_URL"])
+            self.assertEqual(
+                defaults_storage.file_permissions_mode,
+                settings["FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS"],
+            )
+            self.assertEqual(
+                defaults_storage.directory_permissions_mode,
+                settings["FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS"],
+            )

tests/file_uploads/tests.py

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ from urllib.parse import quote
 
 from django.core.exceptions import SuspiciousFileOperation
 from django.core.files import temp as tempfile
+from django.core.files.storage import default_storage
 from django.core.files.uploadedfile import SimpleUploadedFile, UploadedFile
 from django.http.multipartparser import (
     FILE,
@@ -804,6 +805,9 @@ class DirectoryCreationTests(SimpleTestCase):
     @unittest.skipIf(
         sys.platform == "win32", "Python on Windows doesn't have working os.chmod()."
     )
+    @override_settings(
+        DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE="django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage"
+    )
     def test_readonly_root(self):
         """Permission errors are not swallowed"""
         os.chmod(MEDIA_ROOT, 0o500)
@@ -814,9 +818,11 @@ class DirectoryCreationTests(SimpleTestCase):
             )
 
     def test_not_a_directory(self):
+        default_storage.delete(UPLOAD_TO)
         # Create a file with the upload directory name
-        open(UPLOAD_TO, "wb").close()
+        with SimpleUploadedFile(UPLOAD_TO, b"x") as file:
-        self.addCleanup(os.remove, UPLOAD_TO)
+            default_storage.save(UPLOAD_TO, file)
+        self.addCleanup(default_storage.delete, UPLOAD_TO)
         msg = "%s exists and is not a directory." % UPLOAD_TO
         with self.assertRaisesMessage(FileExistsError, msg):
             with SimpleUploadedFile("foo.txt", b"x") as file: